k[i7e"ld
;k{ b+z g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qsf] Pp6f /f]Sg
;lsg] k|d'v :jf:Yo ;d:of xf] . ljZjdf sl/a %% nfv dflg;nfO{ k|To]s jif{
;k{n] 8:g] ub{5 . h;dWo] $ nfv hgfn] 8;]sf]df c+u u'dfpg] cj:yf cfpFb5 /
@) xhf/b]lv ! nfv @% xhf/ hgf;Ddsf] d[To'x'g] u/]sf] tYof+s e]l6G5 . ljZjdf
sl/a #$% hgfsf] k|To]s lbg d[To' ePsf] tYof+s 5 . vf;u/L pi0f k|b]zLo
b]zdf cGg pTkfbg ug]{ ls;fgx?sf] ;d:of ag]sf] of] /f]unfO{ ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn]
;g\ @))( df cfP/ dfq} Gofun]S6]8 6«f]lksn l8lhhsf] ?kdf :yfg lbPsf]
kfOG5 . ljZj :Jff:Yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/ g]kfndf k|To]s jif{ sl/a @),)))
JolQmnfO{ ;k{n] 8;]sf]df !))) eGbf a9L JolQmsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . To:t} u/L
k|f=8f= ;GhLa zdf{ tyf pxfFsf] l6dn] k"jL{ t/fO{sf] !) j6f c:ktfndf u/]sf]
cWoogn] sl/a $)&* hgfnfO{ ;k{n] 8;]sf]df #&( hgfnfO{ s8f k|sf/sf] ljif
nfu]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] t/fO{sf @^ lhNnf ;k{b+zdf clt k|efljt
lhNnf x'g\ . r}qb]lv sflt{s;Dd ;k{b+zsf 36gf a9L x'G5g\ .
;k{sf]
k|sf/x?
g]kfndf
kfOg] sl/a && y/Lsf ;k{dWo] uf]dg, s/]t, x/]p, ugu'afnL, afw]-efOk/_
nufot @! y/Lsf ;k{ ljiffn' b]lvG5g\ . t/fO{ If]qdf uf]dg / s/]tsf] ljuljuL
kfOG5 eg] r'/] kxf8 tyf To;sf] km]bLdf x/]p ;k{ a9L b]lvG5 . kx]nf] /
sfnf] kf6f ePsf] ugu'afnL c;fWo} ljiffn' ;k{ xf] t/ xtkt g6f]Sg] x'Fbf of]
ljif /lxt xf] eGg] hgwf/0ff Psbd} unt 5 . wfdg,9f]l8of,x/x/],aiff{ofddf
b]lvg] ;k{x? cljiffn' x'g .
;k{sf]
8;fO{af6 aRg]] pkfox?
ljiffn'
;k{sf aRrfdf klg dflg;nfO{ dfg{ ;Sg] kof{Kt ljifsf] dfqf x'G5 . To;}n]
aRrf ;k{ t xf] lg eg]/ x]nr]qmofO{F gug]{ . Ho"Fbf] ;k{ b]v]df To;nfO{
lagf cf}hf/ grnfpg] jf gfËf] xftn] g;dfpg], olb ;dfTg} k/]df k"0f{
;fjwfgLsf ;fy ;k{ ;dfpg] ;fdfu|Lsf] k|of]u ug]{ . s'g}–s'g} ;k{x?n] d/]sf]
h:tf] gSsn ug]{ x'Fbf To;nfO{ klxn] n¶Ln] rnfP/ d/]sf] of afFr]sf] olsg u/L
d/]sf] ePdf dfq xftdf lnO{ cWoog
ug]{ . ?v jf hldgdf ePsf Kjfnx?df hyfefjL xf6v'§f gk;fpg] . ;k{x?
w]/} x'g] jf ;k{n] 6f]Sg] 36gf a9L x'g] :yfg tyf ;dodf lx88'n ubf{ 3'F8f;Dd
cfpg] 5fnf jf /a/sf] a'6 tyf afSnf] kfOG6 nufpg] .cfkm\gf] 3/ / v]Ng]
rf}/sf] jl/k/L /x]sf emf8L, 9'+uf, kmf]xf]/ x6fpg] . /fd|f];Fu x]/]/ dfq
h'Qf nufpg] . 9'+uf, d'9f tyf sf7x?
prfNbf ;fjwfg /xg] lsgsL ;k{n] 8:g ;S5 . cWof/f]df lx88'n ubf{, 3f/ jf
uf]7df rfª kf/]/ /fv]sf bfp/f 3/leq n}hfbf hlxn]klg pHofnf] x'g] u/L 6r{nfO6,
aQL, nfn6Lg cflbsf] k|of]u ug]{, ;w}+ lxl8/x]sf] 7fpF t xf] lg eg]/ x]nr]qmofOF
gug]{ . Ps cWoog cg';f/ &@–&^ k|ltzt ljiffn' ;k{sf 8;fO{sf 36gfx?
/ftsf] ;dodf kfOPsf] 5 .;s];Dd hldgdf g;'Tg] . sf7sf] rfË, u'kmf tyf
l;d;f/ glhs hldgdf g;'Tg], lxF88'n ug'{k/] ;fjwfgL ckgfpg] lsgeg] o:tf 7fpFdf
;k{ a:g dg k/fpFb5g\ .;k{sf] cfxf/ Eofu'tf, d';f, 5]kf/f / r/f cflb
ePsf]n] ltgLx?nfO{ 3/leq k:g / a:g glbg] . t/fO{ jf udL{ 7fpFlt/ vf6dfly
;'t]sf] avtdf klg ;k{n] 8;]sf 36gfx? 5g\, To;sf/0f vf6nfO{ leQf jf em\ofndf
g5'jfO{F /fVg], /fd|f] ;Fu em'n nufP/ ;'Tg ;lsG5 . ;k{x?, ;lhn};Fu k:g g;Sg] vfnsf 3/
agfpg] . sxLF hfFbf 6]G6df a:g' k/]df 6]G6sf] 9f]sf /fd|f];Fu aGb
ug]{ . ;'Tg' cufl8 6]G6 leq ;k{ k;]–gk;]sf] /fd|f];Fu x]g]{ . ;k{sf]
8;fO{df ul/g] k|fylds pkrf/ / k|ltljif kfOg] glhssf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf jf c:ktfnaf/]
hfgsf/L /fVg] . ?vdf jf PsfGt af6f]df ;k{x? cf/fd ul//x]sf x'g;Sg] ePsf]n]
?v r9\bf jf To:tf vfn] af6f]df lx8F\bf xf]l;of/ /xg] . PSn} lxF8\bf ;k{n]
8:of]] eg] k|fylds pkrf/ ug{ ;d]t c;lhnf] x'g] ePsf]n] ;k{x? w]/} kfOg]
:yfgx?df ;se/ PSn} glx8\g] . ;k{n] 8l;xfNof] eg] l56f] ;k{nfO{ xf]l;of/L
;fy z/L/af6 cnu kfg]{, lsgsL o;qmddf ;k{n] k'gM 8:g ;S5, kmn:j?k z/L/df ljifsf]
dfqf / c;/ a9L x'G5 . cfkm\gf] If]qdf kfOg] cljiffn' / ljiffn' ;k{x?sf
af/]df k"0f{ hfgsf/L lnO{ /fVg] . uf]dg, s/]t nufotsf ljiffn' ;k{x?
klg s'g} a]nf kfgLdf a:b5g\ . To;}n] kf}8\bf, df5f dfbf{ jf cGo sfd ubf{
;fjwfg x'g] . df5f dfbf{ hfndf of aN5Ldf k/]sf ;k{x?nfO{ xftn]
g;dfTg] . g]kfndf ljiffn' / cljiffn' ;k{x? t/fO{b]lv pRr lxdfnL e]u $*))
ld6/ prfO{;Dd kfOg] x'Fbf tL em'n nufP/ ;'Tg] ugf{n] ;'t]sf] a]nf x'g] ;k{b+z
ljz]if u/L s/]tsf] 8;fO{af6 aRg ;lsG5 .
;k{sf]
8;fO{sf lrGx tyf nIf0fx?
s_ ;'Vvf 8;fO{ -ljif k|j]z gubf{_ jf cljiffn', ;k{sf]
6f]sfO{df cToGt} 8/fpFbf x[bo3ft eO{ dg{ ;Sg] . Zjf;k|Zjf;sf] ult
a9\g] .xftv'§f emDemfpg] . d'6'sf] w8\sg sd x'Fb} hfg] .l/Ë6f
nfUg] . 56k6L a9\g], cr]t x'g] .
v_ 8;]sf] efu tyf To; a/k/sf nId0f tyf lrGxx?
8;]sf] efu ;'lGgg] .
8;]sf] 7fpFdf ljifbGtsf] lrGx b]lvg] . -efOk/sf] 8;fO{df k|i6 x'G5 eg]
uf]dg / s/]tsf] 8;fO{df b]lvg jf gb]lvg ;S5 . 8;]sf] efu b'Vg] .3fp
tyf /ut aUg] . gLn8fd x'g] jf kmf]sf p7\g] . lnDkm u|GyL
;'lGgg] . 8;]sf] 3fpdf ;+qmd0f x'g] tyf 3fp kfSg] .c+u g} s'lxg]
d'Votof efOk/ / uf]dgdf b]lvG5 .
u_ k|f/lDes cj:yfsf nIf0f / lrGx?
c;fWo
8/fpg] tyf lrlGtt x'g], 3fF6L b'Vg], :j/ ablng], k]6 kf]Ng] / wldnf]
b]lvg] . jfsjfsL nfUg], afGtf x'g], l;lyn tyf sdhf]/ x'g], k]6 b'Vg],
;Dk"0f{ z/L/ b'Vg], l/+u6f nfUg], Go"g /Qmrfk tyf a]xf];\
x'g] . ljz]if u/L efOk/ 8;fO{df,
cToflws ?kdf 3fpaf6 /ut aUg] ty k'/fgf 3fpaf6 ;d]t /ut aUg yfN5 .uf]dg /
s/]tsf] 8;fO{df :gfo" k|0ffnL ;DaGwL nIf0f a9L b]lvG5g\ . h;df
lj/fdLsf] :jfb lng] / ;'FWg] zlQmdf x|f; cfpg], afGtf x'g],cfFvfsf] 9sgL ef/L
x'g] tyf rnfpg g;Sg,:j/df kl/jt{g cfpg] cg'xf/sf] kIff3ft x'g], lgNg ufx|f]
x'g] x'G5 .
3_ uDeL/ cj:yfdf b]lvg] lrGx tyf nIf0fx?
jfsjfs–afGtf a9\b} hfg] .
/Qmrfk Hofb} Go"g x'g], cr]t x'g] / kmf]S;f]df kfgL hDg] . uf]dg /
s/]tsf] 8;fO{df :gfo" k|0ffnL ;DaGwL nIf0fx? a9L b]lvG5g\ . ¥ofn
w]/} k}bf x'g] . cfFvfsf] 9sgL tnemg]{ 3fF6Lsf df+zk]zLsf] kIff3ftn] ubf{,
3fF6L efFlrPsf] h:tf] x'g] / d'6'sf] w8\sg a9\g] x'G5 .Zjf;–k|Zjf; k|0ffnL
tyf cGo k|0ffnLsf] df+zk]zLdf kIff3ft
x'g], /Qmrfk Hofb} Go"g eO{ lj/fdL
cr]t eO{ dg]{ .
efOk/sf]
6f]sfO{df luhf, cfFvf, gfsaf6 lg/Gt/ /Qm>fj x'G5 .
vsf/, lb;f, lk;fadf /ut b]lvg] . 5fnfdf /Qm>fj eO{ lgn8fd
b]lvg] .dl:tissf ljleGg efudf /Qm>fj b]lvg] .
;k{sf]
8;fO{sf] k|fylds pkrf/
lrlGtt
tyf kLl8t JolQmnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg] . lj/fdLsf] u/uxgf, km'sflnlbg], s'g}
sl:;Psf] n'uf nufPsf] 5 eg] ;f] km'sfn]/
v's'nf] vfnsf] n'uf k|of]u ug]{ . uf]dg, s/]t ;k{sf] 8;fO{df k|];/
Odf]jLnfO{h];g k4ltsf] k|of]u ug]{
;f]
eg]sf] 6f]s]sf] 7fpF a/k/ rfk lbg] / c+u gxNnfpg] .z/L/sf] efu, xft v'§f
cflbdf l:n+u tyf l:klnG6 k|of]u u/L crn agfpg]
tfsL df+zk]zL v'Drg] k|lqmofn] ljifsf] k|;f/ rfF8f] x'g
gkfcf];\ .s[lqd Zjf;k|Zjf; ljlw bIf k|fljlwssf] ;xof]udf u/fpg] .
lj/fdLsf ljifsf nIf0fx? sd x'Fb} guP;Dd jf k|ltljifsf] k|of]u ;'? eOg;s]sf]
cj:yfdf pQm a]08]h vf]Ng' x'Fb}g . k|];/ a]08]h nufpg gldNg] 7fpF / x¥of]{
hftsf] ;k{n] 8;]sf] 7fpFdf nf]sn sDk|]zg Kof8sf] k|of]u ug]{ .lj/fdLnfO{
gxNnfOsg ;k{b+z pkrf/ s]Gb|df nfg] .
;k{sf]
8;fOkl5 s] gug]{
3fpnfO{
An]8n] lrg]{ / w]/} /ut aufpg] ubf{ 3fp ;+qmldt x'g] dfq geO{ cToflws
/Qm>fjn] lj/fdLsf] d[To' x'g ;S5 . 3fpaf6 d'vn] ljif r':g] sfd slxNo}
gug]{ . wfdL emfFqmLsf] emf/km's tkm{ gnfUg] . 3fp a/k/ 8f]/Ln] sl:;g] u/L afFw] c+u g} dg{ ;S5 .
8fS6/n] geg];Dd s]xL vfg' jf lkpg'x'Fb}g . s'g} zf/Ll/s xnrn x'g] sfd
gug]{ . /S;L ;]jg gug]{ .
k|ltljif cf}iflw ;'? gu/];Dd Aof08]h gvf]Ng] ljB'tLo em8\sf lbg],
a/kmsf] k|of]u ug]{ sfd u/L l9nfO{ gug]{ . 3fpnfO{ cgfjZos?kdf
grnfpg] .
k|ltlaif k|of]u
k|ltljif ;'O{sf] k|of]u Psdfq clGtd pkrf/ k4lt xf] .
t/ ;'O{ slxn] / sltdfqfdf, s;/L lbg] s'/fdf Psbd ;r]t x'g'kb{5 . g]kfndf
ef/tdf ag]sf] VINS ASV k|of]u ul/G5 h;n] rf/ k|sf/sf ;k{ 8/fO{df sfd ub{5 .
t/fO{df a9\bf] udL{ tyf aiff{b;Fu} ca ;k{sf]
ljuljuL a9\bf] 5 . t;y{, ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx? cWoog u/]/ csfn d[To'af6
cfkm"klg aRg'xf];\ / c?nfO{ klg arfpg' xf];\ eGb} xflb{s cg'/f]w
ub{5' .
wGojfb